As you know, there are three states of water. Liquid, gas, and frozen state. The pressure, temperature and impurity ratio in which the medium or liquid is present causes the water to change its state between these phases. Water evaporates at 145^oC under 10 bar pressure, while it evaporates at 100^oC under 760 mm Hg pressure. The same water freezes forming crystals under 0^oC.

From these states gas is named as steam and frost is named as ice.

Among those states, changes in volume occur in addition to the changes in appearance. The volume increase is observed in the water when turns into steam or ice.

As it is known, although an external heat source is needed to turn the water into steam, it is sufficient to decrease the temperature of the environment sufficiently to turn it into ice. In our country, where most of the terrestrial climate prevails, suitable temperature conditions for water freezing in winter conditions occur spontaneously.

When the water temperature in any of the closed water circuits of the "industrial or comfort" system, falls below 0 ^oC, it freezes and increases in volume if necessary precautions are not taken. This increase in volume creates bursts, tears or irreversible damage to various technological devices.

There are two important conditions in the formation of ice.

Temperature

Impurities

These two ways can be used while protecting the systems against freezing as mentioned above.

|||UNTRANSLATED_CONTENT_START|||Donmanın gerçekleşmesi için ortam sıcaklığının 0^OC derecenin altına düşüp sitemde ki enerjinin sistem dışına ısı olarak transferi ile
başlayan süreç  su sıcaklığının da 0^OC ın altına düşmesi ile su kristallenmeye başlar.|||UNTRANSLATED_CONTENT_END||| Here, it is obvious that freezing will not occur by providing a heating source and circulation that keeps the water temperature constantly above 0^oC. The energy to be spent here and the heating system investment to be made for this is the decision point of this system.

The freezing point also depends on impurities in the water. Depending on the chemical it contains and its concentration, the freezing temperature also changes. From this point of view, freezing can be prevented by adding chemicals into the water in the closed system.

For example, while 10% saline solution is freezing at –6^oC, 20% saline solution freezes at -16^oC.

For example for mono ethylene glycol;

-3 ° C in case of a mixture of 90% Water + 10% Glycol

-8 ° C in case of a mixture of 80% Water + 20% Glycol

-16 ° C in case of a mixture of 70% Water + 30% Glycol

-25 ° C in case of a mixture of 60% Water + 40% Glycol

-37 ° C in case of a mixture of 50% Water + 50% Glycol

We encounter the above table.

The above salt, namely NaCl, cannot be used in practice, here is an example of the effects of impurities on freezing is given. In general, monoethyleneglycol (MEG) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) are used with corrosion inhibitors.

Based on these relationships, you can protect your systems from freezing with appropriate choices.

Deser Kimya is ready to assist you in methods that can be used to prevent freezing in industrial and commercial systems. 
 Please do not hesitate to call us for design and execution.